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Infertility Introduction
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(1) Female Infertility Testing
Blood Tests:
Blood tests are conducted to check hormone levels, including Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH), Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Estradiol (E2), Prolactin (PRL), Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH), and Testosterone.
Transvaginal Ultrasound:
Transvaginal ultrasound uses a probe to scan the uterus, cervix, and ovaries to obtain detailed images. Compared to a standard abdominal ultrasound, transvaginal ultrasound provides higher accuracy and can detect issues such as uterine fibroids, endometrial polyps, chocolate cysts, and ovarian tumors, which may affect fertility.
Hysterosalpingography:
This test can diagnose whether the fallopian tubes are open or blocked, and if there are any swellings or abnormalities. It also checks for uterine abnormalities, adhesions, or deformations. There may be mild and brief discomfort (a slight cramping sensation in the lower abdomen, similar to mild menstrual pain).
Hysteroscopy:
Factors such as endometrial polyps, uterine cavity adhesions, or bicornuate uterus can affect embryo implantation and lead to infertility. Hysteroscopy can be used to evaluate the condition of the endometrium.
(2) Male Infertility Testing
Infertility is not limited to women; men can also experience infertility, such as oligospermia (low sperm count) and azoospermia (no sperm). According to WHO statistics, 40% of infertility cases are due to male factors. Therefore, testing for male infertility is also essential. The examination for male infertility is relatively simple and involves only one item: semen analysis. By collecting semen, the test analyzes sperm count, morphology, concentration, and motility to determine the possibility of male infertility, such as varicocele or primary spermatogenesis disorders. It is recommended to abstain from ejaculation for 2-4 days before the semen analysis.